Pakistan’s adoption of digital surveillance technologies, from biometric identity systems to cybercrime laws, is often portrayed as a sign of modern state capacity, but it reveals something far more unsettling: the erosion of sovereignty and legitimacy in the digital...

Terrorism in Pakistan has been the result of decades of its complex history, change in its alliances and majorly the influence of external forces intervening deeply into the country that had a significant impact on shaping its political, social and economic...

It is evident from world history that, more often than not, diplomatic breakthroughs leading to lasting peace have occurred in the aftermath of wars. However, in the case of India and Pakistan, despite fighting three major wars (1948, 1965, and 1971), as well as...

Nationalism in Pakistan cannot be understood through the traditional lens of Western state formation. Unlike European nation-states, which evolved from shared language, ethnicity, and territory, Pakistan emerged in 1947 as an ideological state. Islam, rather than...

Technology and geopolitics are inextricably linked, reshaping the global balance of power and existing inequalities. It suggests that technological breakthroughs also shape the socio-political and economic realities of the Global South in ways that are reminiscent of...

In Pakistan, the shaping of public policy goes beyond administrative or developmental considerations; it is heavily influenced by remnants of colonialism and a persistent reliance on Western paradigms. Discussions on elite dominance often centers around economic or...

Imperialism derived from the Latin word “Imperium” meaning “power”, is often understood in terms of exercising power, acquisition, and control by one state or territory over other states or territories. It is a systematic formative study of the making and maintenance...

Exploitative governance structures and cultural impositions left by colonial powers have detrimentally impacted postcolonial societies. Women, in particular, have been disproportionately affected by these legacies through restrictive gender roles, limited economic...

Israeli state terrorism and settler colonial political practices are tools of control and dispossession in occupied Palestine. Through violence, surveillance, and legal architecture, the Israeli state seeks to control and subordinate Palestinians, simultaneously...

International relations (IR) have long been shaped by Western-centric perspectives, often sidelining the lived experiences of the Global South. Specifically, the situation of women in the postcolonial world does not enter the mainstream feminist debates very...