Pakistan’s adoption of digital surveillance technologies, from biometric identity systems to cybercrime laws, is often portrayed as a sign of modern state capacity, but it reveals something far more unsettling: the erosion of sovereignty and legitimacy in the digital age. These technologies...

Terrorism in Pakistan has been the result of decades of its complex history, change in its alliances and majorly the influence of external forces intervening deeply into the country that had a significant impact on shaping its political, social and economic development.[1] Pakistan got itself into...

It is evident from world history that, more often than not, diplomatic breakthroughs leading to lasting peace have occurred in the aftermath of wars. However, in the case of India and Pakistan, despite fighting three major wars (1948, 1965, and 1971), as well as limited conflicts like the Kargil...

Nationalism in Pakistan cannot be understood through the traditional lens of Western state formation. Unlike European nation-states, which evolved from shared language, ethnicity, and territory, Pakistan emerged in 1947 as an ideological state. Islam, rather than cultural or linguistic unity, was...

Technology and geopolitics are inextricably linked, reshaping the global balance of power and existing inequalities. It suggests that technological breakthroughs also shape the socio-political and economic realities of the Global South in ways that are reminiscent of its history with colonialism...

In Pakistan, the shaping of public policy goes beyond administrative or developmental considerations; it is heavily influenced by remnants of colonialism and a persistent reliance on Western paradigms. Discussions on elite dominance often centers around economic or political implications, but the...